{"id":17461,"date":"2021-08-24T17:13:09","date_gmt":"2021-08-24T13:13:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globecore.info\/grafenovaya-smazka-i-ee-obrabotka-v-apparate-vihrevogo-sloya\/"},"modified":"2024-03-20T10:18:23","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T06:18:23","slug":"grafenovaya-smazka-i-ee-obrabotka-v-apparate-vihrevogo-sloya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/globecore.info\/az\/grafenovaya-smazka-i-ee-obrabotka-v-apparate-vihrevogo-sloya\/","title":{"rendered":"Qrafen s\u00fcrtk\u00fc v\u0259 onun burul\u011fan qat\u0131 cihaz\u0131nda emal\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131da biz qrafen v\u0259 qrafen s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259 dem\u0259k oldu\u011funu, h\u0259m\u00e7inin burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si cihaz\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k qrafen s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259m\u0259liyyat x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131n yolunu m\u00fczakir\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik.<\/span><\/p>\n

2010-cu ild\u0259 Fizika \u00fczr\u0259 Nobel M\u00fckafat\u0131 qrafenin iki\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc material\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0259sasl\u0131 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r aparan A.Qeym v\u0259 K.Novoselova verildi. O vaxtdan on ild\u0259n bir q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox vaxt ke\u00e7di v\u0259 qrafen art\u0131q bir \u00e7ox s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259tbiq tapd\u0131. \u0130ndiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qrafenin geni\u015f miqyasl\u0131 istifad\u0259si onun nisb\u0259t\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131, lakin material\u0131n istehsal\u0131 texnologiyalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, onun qiym\u0259ti d\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259c\u0259k ki, bu da indi d\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qrafen n\u0259 dem\u0259kdir?<\/h2>\n

Material kimi qrafenin \u0259sas x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti onun atom kristal\u0131n\u0131n iki\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kristal alt\u0131bucaql\u0131 q\u0259f\u0259sd\u0259 d\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f karbon atomlar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259tdir. Bo\u015f p\u0259t\u0259kl\u0259rin \u00fcst t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si onlar\u0131n d\u00fcz bazas\u0131na paralel olaraq diqq\u0259tl\u0259 k\u0259sil\u0259rs\u0259, qrafen q\u0259f\u0259s modelinin nec\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259c\u0259yini t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k olar. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, eyni alt\u0131bucaql\u0131 h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259ri olan m\u00fcst\u0259vi bir \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259yik – qrafenin bir qatl\u0131 kristal qurulu\u015fu bel\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"qrafen<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259kil 1 \u2013 Skan ed\u0259n elektron mikroskop vasit\u0259sil\u0259 qrafen lifl\u0259ri<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Qrafen istehsal\u0131<\/h2>\n

Qrafen qrafitd\u0259n istehsal olunur, \u00e7\u00fcnki qrafit mahiyy\u0259tc\u0259 f\u0259rdi qrafen t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r. Bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, v\u0259zif\u0259 bir t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259ni diqq\u0259tl\u0259 ay\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daral\u0131r. \u00dcst t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259ni \u00e7\u0131xarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 qrafit kristallar\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 substrat\u0131n s\u0259thin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n bir yap\u0131\u015fan lent (skot\u00e7) istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Al\u0131nan qrafen kristallar\u0131n\u0131n substrata yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 onlar\u0131n bir-birin\u0259 yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcks\u0259kdirs\u0259, onda qrafen kristallar\u0131 substrat\u0131n s\u0259thind\u0259 qal\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dig\u0259r qrafen istehsal \u00fcsullar\u0131 var, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, kimy\u0259vi t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259. Qrafit, hidrofilik qrafen oksidl\u0259ri (qrafonlar) yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tur\u015fularla i\u015fl\u0259nir, daha sonra a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 keyfiyy\u0259tli qrafen\u0259 \u00e7evrilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qrafenin t\u0259tbiqi<\/h2>\n

Qrafenin t\u0259tbiqi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 daim geni\u015fl\u0259nir: y\u00fcks\u0259k ke\u00e7iricilik v\u0259 istilik ke\u00e7iriciliyi, g\u00fcc v\u0259 hidrofobik t\u0259bi\u0259t. Qrafenin m\u0259lum t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • spektroskopiya il\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259dqiqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qrafen substratlar\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f elementl\u0259ri v\u0259 maye kristal displeyl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qrafen \u015f\u0259ffaf ke\u00e7irici \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259rin istehsal\u0131;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • qrafen inteqral mikrosxeml\u0259rin istehsal\u0131;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • qrafen sah\u0259 effektli tranzistorlar\u0131n istehsal\u0131;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • smartfonlar\u0131n termoregulyasiyas\u0131nda istifad\u0259;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • t\u0259krar doldurulan batareyalarda istifad\u0259;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • kompozit materiallar\u0131n istehsal\u0131;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131 v\u0259 s.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    G\u0259lin s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131nda qrafenin istifad\u0259sini daha \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259 ed\u0259k.<\/span><\/p>\n

    S\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011f\u0131 – niy\u0259 t\u0259rkibind\u0259 qrafen var?<\/h2>\n

    S\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di s\u00fcrt\u00fcnm\u0259ni azaltmaq v\u0259 sonradan qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259 olan s\u0259thl\u0259rin a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaqd\u0131r. \u0130ndi t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edin ki, sirkonium oksidd\u0259n v\u0259 silikon vaflid\u0259n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f top formal\u0131 bir n\u00fcmun\u0259niz var. Bu topun vafli \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tini yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flasan\u0131z, 10-15 d\u0259qiq\u0259 \u0259rzind\u0259 vaflinin s\u0259thind\u0259 “yiv” \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k. \u018fg\u0259r qrafenin \u0259n nazik t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si (1 nm-d\u0259n \u00e7ox olmayan) hans\u0131sa \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yeni silikon vafliy\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunarsa v\u0259 bundan sonra topun qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti il\u0259 s\u0131naqlar apar\u0131larsa, o zaman vafli toxunulmaz qalacaq. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 s\u00fcrt\u00fcnm\u0259 \u0259msal\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olacaq v\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u00e7\u0259tin ki d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. Qrafenin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrt\u00fcnm\u0259 \u0259msal\u0131n\u0131 saxlamaq x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti h\u0259m ya\u015f, h\u0259m d\u0259 quru m\u00fchitd\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Qrafenin dig\u0259r faydal\u0131 x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti odur ki, o, suyu d\u0259f edir v\u0259 havan\u0131n ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 imkan vermir; ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, metallar\u0131n s\u0259thind\u0259 oksidl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 prosesl\u0259rini l\u0259ngidir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131nda qrafenin istifad\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 ilkin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Qrafen s\u00fcrtk\u00fc – istehsal\u0131n x\u00fcsusi aspektl\u0259ri<\/h2>\n

    \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 s\u00fcrtk\u00fc maye \u0259sasdan (dispersiya m\u00fchiti), b\u0259rk qat\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131dan (dispers faza) v\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n (qar\u0131\u015f\u0131qlardan) ibar\u0259t olan bir madd\u0259dir. Qrafenin x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, h\u0259m qat\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131 triboloji x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini t\u0259min ed\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 kimi istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r. Bununla bel\u0259, bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 yaln\u0131z qrafen nisb\u0259t\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck miqdarda (qat\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kimi) v\u0259 ya az miqdarda (\u0259lav\u0259 kimi) istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259cmi boyunca b\u0259rab\u0259r payland\u0131qda \u0259ld\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Adi mexaniki qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar bu v\u0259zif\u0259nin \u00f6hd\u0259sind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259 bilmirl\u0259r, bu da s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n optimal triboloji x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan vermir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ferromaqnit hiss\u0259cikl\u0259rin burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si cihaz\u0131 (AVS) inqrediyentl\u0259rin yax\u015f\u0131 qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na v\u0259 vahid paylanmas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259c\u0259k.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Qrafen s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011flar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Vortex qat cihaz\u0131<\/h2>\n

    \"qrafen<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si cihaz\u0131<\/span> f\u0131rlanan elektromaqnit sah\u0259si induktorundan, qeyri-maqnit materialdan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f \u0259m\u0259liyyat kameras\u0131ndan v\u0259 onlarla \u0259d\u0259dd\u0259n y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259d\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan ferromaqnit hiss\u0259cikl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t cihazd\u0131r. Hiss\u0259cikl\u0259r ind\u00fckt\u00f6r\u00fcn sar\u0131m\u0131na g\u0259rginlik t\u0259tbiq edildikd\u0259n sonra yaranan f\u0131rlanan elektromaqnit sah\u0259sinin t\u0259sir zonas\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyat kameras\u0131na yerl\u0259\u015fdirilir. Sah\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunan hiss\u0259cikl\u0259r h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r, bundan sonra onlar daim bir-biri il\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat kameras\u0131n\u0131n divarlar\u0131 il\u0259 toqqu\u015furlar. O, hiss\u0259cikl\u0259rin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t trayektoriyas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bl\u0259\u015fdirir. Bu halda, \u0259m\u0259liyyat kameras\u0131nda eyni vaxtda qrafen s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f verir:<\/span><\/p>\n