{"id":17484,"date":"2021-09-28T20:47:26","date_gmt":"2021-09-28T16:47:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globecore.info\/proizvodstvo-grafena-novyj-sposob\/"},"modified":"2024-03-20T10:11:08","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T06:11:08","slug":"proizvodstvo-grafena-novyj-sposob","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/globecore.info\/az\/proizvodstvo-grafena-novyj-sposob\/","title":{"rendered":"Qrafen istehsal\u0131 – yeni \u00fcsul"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qrafen istehsal\u0131<\/strong> g\u0259nc v\u0259 perspektivli s\u0259nayedir. G\u0259ncdir, \u00e7\u00fcnki qrafen bu yax\u0131nlarda k\u0259\u015ff edilmi\u015fdir – c\u0259mi on be\u015f-on alt\u0131 il \u0259vv\u0259l. V\u0259 qrafenin maraql\u0131 v\u0259 bir q\u0259d\u0259r unikal x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 perspektivlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qrafen n\u0259dir v\u0259 niy\u0259 maraql\u0131d\u0131r?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259tdir ki, iki\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc kristal q\u0259f\u0259sli materiallar\u0131n m\u00f6vcud olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 q\u0259bul edilir. Lakin 2000-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130ngilis fizikl\u0259ri Geim v\u0259 Novoselov t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 qrafen adl\u0131 iki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc kristal\u0131n k\u0259\u015ffi il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndil\u0259r. Qrafen \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si alt\u0131bucaql\u0131 struktur \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259vid\u0259 d\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f karbon atomlar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259tdir. Nax\u0131\u015f zahir\u0259n bir-birin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 alt\u0131bucaql\u0131lara b\u0259nz\u0259yir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qrafen qrafitd\u0259n al\u0131n\u0131r. \u018fn sad\u0259 halda, material\u0131n istehsal\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qrafit\u0259 yap\u0131\u015fqan s\u0259th t\u0259tbiq olunan v\u0259 sonra \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan bir skotch lentind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Lentin s\u0259thind\u0259 ki\u00e7ik qrafit hiss\u0259cikl\u0259ri qal\u0131r. Bundan sonra, lent yar\u0131ya qatlan\u0131r v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 uzan\u0131r. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, qrafitin qal\u0131q hiss\u0259cikl\u0259ri inc\u0259l\u0259\u015fir v\u0259 10-15 t\u0259krar uzanmadan sonra onlar art\u0131q qrafen kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qrafen niy\u0259 maraql\u0131d\u0131r? \u018fvv\u0259la, bu, \u00e7ox y\u00fcng\u00fcl, lakin \u00e7ox g\u00fccl\u00fc materiald\u0131r. Qrafenin g\u00fcc\u00fc poladdan 200 d\u0259f\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr. Dig\u0259r kristallarla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan 20% uzad\u0131la bil\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, qrafen yax\u015f\u0131 elektrik ke\u00e7iriciliyi, kimy\u0259vi t\u0259sirsizliyi v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259sna nazikliyi il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunur. \u0130nanmaq \u00e7\u0259tindir, amma bu material\u0131n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 qram\u0131 futbol meydan\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 tamamil\u0259 \u00f6rtm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259tdir. B\u00fct\u00fcn sadalanan x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r qrafenin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259la perspektivl\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Transmissiya elektron mikroskopiyas\u0131. Qrafen, obyektl\u0259rin v\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259dqiqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn substrat kimi istifad\u0259 olunur.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f enerjisi. Qrafen g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259ffaf ke\u00e7irici \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259rin istehsal\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunur.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Elektronika. Daha y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259 \u0259msal\u0131 olan qrafen sah\u0259 effektli tranzistorlar, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 inteqral sxeml\u0259r m\u0259lumdur.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ekologiya. Qrafen atomlar\u0131, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bentonit gill\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 radioaktiv elementl\u0259rin atomlar\u0131 il\u0259 daha aktiv qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u00d6l\u00e7m\u0259 avadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Qrafen g\u0259rginlik sensorlar\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunur.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • S\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011flar\u0131. Qrafen s\u00fcrtk\u00fc ya\u011flar\u0131na \u0259lav\u0259 kimi xidm\u0259t edir v\u0259 onlar\u0131n xass\u0259l\u0259rini yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bununla bel\u0259, haz\u0131rda qrafenin geni\u015f yay\u0131lmas\u0131 onun istehsal\u0131n\u0131n baha olmas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015f\u0131r. Qrafenin istehsal\u0131 niy\u0259 bahad\u0131r? Cavab\u0131 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti hiss\u0259d\u0259 tapa bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Qrafen istehsal\u0131 – texnologiya n\u00fcmun\u0259si<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Qrafen istehsal\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00fcsullar\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nilir. Bax\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 biz \u00e7ox izahedici olan yaln\u0131z bir yana\u015fman\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bel\u0259likl\u0259, qrafen \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259ni tamamlamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

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    • S\u00fcspansiyon al\u0131nana q\u0259d\u0259r qrafiti h\u0259lledicid\u0259 s\u0259pin.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Al\u0131nan s\u00fcspansiyonu kolloid d\u0259yirmanda emal edin.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • S\u00fcspansiyonun sentrifuqas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irin.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Vakuum filtrasiya v\u0259 qurutma h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Qrafen yaln\u0131z d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131qdan sonra \u0259ld\u0259 edilir. G\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcz kimi, qrafen istehsal\u0131 bir \u00e7ox m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 kimy\u0259vi madd\u0259l\u0259rin istifad\u0259si il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunur ki, bu da material\u0131n \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259sinin d\u0259y\u0259rini \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130ntuitiv olaraq ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, qrafenin d\u0259y\u0259rini azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kimy\u0259vi madd\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 istehsal m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131 azald\u0131lm\u0131\u015f variantlar\u0131 axtarmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. AVSp-150 vorteks qat cihaz\u0131 bu problemin h\u0259lli ola bil\u0259r.<\/span><\/p>\n

      AVSp-150 vorteks qat cihaz\u0131 nec\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir?<\/span><\/h2>\n

      Tipik bir burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si cihaz\u0131 induktordan, qeyri-maqnit materialdan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f \u0259m\u0259liyyat kameras\u0131ndan v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat kameras\u0131na yerl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259n ferromaqnit hiss\u0259cikl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir (\u015e\u0259kil 1).<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"qrafen<\/p>\n

      \u015e\u0259kil 1 \u2013 Ferromaqnit hiss\u0259cikl\u0259rinin burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si olan qur\u011fu: 1 \u2013 qoruyucu kol; 2 \u2013 f\u0131rlanan elektromaqnit sah\u0259sinin induktoru; 3 \u2013 induktor korpusu; 4 \u2013 qeyri-maqnit materialdan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f \u0259m\u0259liyyat kameras\u0131; 5 \u2013 ferromaqnit hiss\u0259cikl\u0259r<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

      \u0130nd\u00fckt\u00f6r sar\u0131m\u0131na g\u0259rginliyin t\u0259tbiqi n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat kameras\u0131nda f\u0131rlanan elektromaqnit sah\u0259si yaran\u0131r v\u0259 ferromaqnit hiss\u0259cikl\u0259rini tutur. Hiss\u0259cikl\u0259r m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b traektoriyalar \u00fczr\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t edir v\u0259 daim bir-biri il\u0259, i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f materialla v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat kameras\u0131n\u0131n divarlar\u0131 il\u0259 toqqu\u015fur. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, h\u0259r bir ferromaqnit hiss\u0259ciyin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t trayektoriyas\u0131 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bdir v\u0259 bu trayektoriyalar\u0131n birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si yarad\u0131r. Bu zaman burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif amill\u0259r yaran\u0131r v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f materiala t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u018fn vacib amill\u0259r\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lar daxildir:<\/span><\/p>\n