{"id":17584,"date":"2023-08-04T10:19:14","date_gmt":"2023-08-04T06:19:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globecore.info\/?p=17584"},"modified":"2024-03-19T18:33:02","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T14:33:02","slug":"hexavalent-xrom-va-digar-agir-metallarin-cixarilmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/globecore.info\/az\/hexavalent-xrom-va-digar-agir-metallarin-cixarilmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hexavalent xrom v\u0259 dig\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r metallar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u0259rkibind\u0259 alt\u0131valentli xrom v\u0259 dig\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r metallar olan tullant\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunan burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sinin xarakteri reagent s\u0259rfini k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n azaltma\u011fa imkan verir, daha tam t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 nail olur v\u0259 prosesi davaml\u0131 edir.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Aktiv zonada ferromaqnit elementl\u0259r AVS cihaz\u0131, elektromaqnit sah\u0259sind\u0259 aktiv zonaya daxil olan reagentl\u0259ri intensiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131n. Z\u0259rb\u0259 v\u0259 s\u00fcrt\u00fcnm\u0259 kolloid dispersiya d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r tozla\u015fmaya s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Kolloid metal yax\u015f\u0131 reduksiya agentidir. Ferromaqnit elementin dispersiyas\u0131 prosesind\u0259 kolloid metal\u0131n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259si il\u0259 eyni vaxtda burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259 suyun elektrolizi hidrogen \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir. H\u0259r iki amil tullant\u0131 sular\u0131nda alt\u0131valentli xrom v\u0259 dig\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r metallar\u0131n azalmas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sinin bu qabiliyy\u0259ti alt\u0131valentli xromun azald\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259mir sulfat istehlak\u0131n\u0131 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 azald\u0131r v\u0259 h\u0259tta yaln\u0131z kolloid metal v\u0259 burax\u0131lan hidrogen hesab\u0131na tullant\u0131 sular\u0131nda alt\u0131valentli xrom v\u0259 dig\u0259r metallar\u0131n tam azalmas\u0131na nail olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

AVS-d\u0259 reduksiya reaksiyas\u0131 saniy\u0259nin fraksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kir, bu da prosesi y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 davam etdirm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reagentl\u0259rin intensiv qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 elektromaqnit sah\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259siri, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin dispersiyas\u0131 mexaniki qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131rma qur\u011fular\u0131na nisb\u0259t\u0259n metal hidroksidl\u0259rin daha yax\u015f\u0131 da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc dispersiyas\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 onun \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259sini yava\u015flatm\u0131r. \u018fksin\u0259, AVS-d\u0259 b\u0259rk faza hiss\u0259cikl\u0259rinin \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259si mexaniki qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131rma qur\u011fusuna nisb\u0259t\u0259n 1,5-2 d\u0259f\u0259 tez ba\u015f verir. Bu, maye v\u0259 b\u0259rk hiss\u0259cik aras\u0131ndak\u0131 s\u0259rh\u0259dd\u0259 interfasial g\u0259rginliyi d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259n asq\u0131ya intensiv maqnit t\u0259siri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sinin \u0259n vacib x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti, emaldan sonra madd\u0259nin fiziki v\u0259 kimy\u0259vi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si, m\u0259hsulun kimy\u0259vi aktivliyini \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259sidir.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Mexanik qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 qur\u011funun istifad\u0259si b\u00f6y\u00fck yer tutmas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli kapital qoyulu\u015fu olan avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Bu \u00fcsulda siklik t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259 prosesinin m\u00fcdd\u0259ti 30 il\u0259 120 d\u0259qiq\u0259 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xrom v\u0259 dig\u0259r metallar\u0131n eyni vaxtda hidroksidl\u0259r \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259si il\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259vi m\u00fchitd\u0259 kimy\u0259vi reduksiyadan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 tullant\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n xromdan t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn AVS-d\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaln\u0131z qara sulfat v\u0259 \u0259h\u0259ng s\u00fcd\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn porsiya cihazlar\u0131 olan qablar, bir AVS cihaz\u0131 v\u0259 filtr v\u0259 ya lil kollektoru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xrom t\u0259rkibli tullant\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259r\u0259rsizl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn burul\u011fan lay qur\u011fusunun s\u0131naqdan ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sinin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0259dv\u0259l 1<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

AVS-d\u0259 xrom t\u0259rkibli tullant\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259r\u0259rsizl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sinin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Cr-nin ilkin konsentrasiyCr<\/b>6+<\/b>, mq\/dm<\/b>3<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

prosesin pH<\/b><\/td>\nD\u0259mir sulfat\u0131n istehlak\u0131, stoxiometrik miqdar\u0131n %<\/b><\/td>\nFerromaqnit elementl\u0259rin \u00e7\u0259kisi, g<\/b><\/td>\n\n

Qal\u0131q Cr<\/b>6+<\/b> t\u0259mizl\u0259ndikd\u0259n sonra mq\/dm<\/b>3<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

100<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

2<\/span><\/td>\n100<\/span><\/td>\n150<\/span><\/td>\n0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

90<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

80<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,56<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

100<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

4<\/span><\/td>\n90<\/span><\/td>\n150<\/span><\/td>\n0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

590<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

2<\/span><\/td>\n100<\/span><\/td>\n200<\/span><\/td>\n0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

80<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

2,5<\/span><\/td>\n100<\/span><\/td>\n200<\/span><\/td>\n0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

90<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,11<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

80<\/span><\/td>\n\n

1,1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

200<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

7,5<\/span><\/td>\n100<\/span><\/td>\n150<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,012<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

200<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

9,0<\/span><\/td>\n100<\/span><\/td>\n150<\/span><\/td>\n0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

90<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,05<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

80<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,98<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

750<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

7,5-8,5<\/span><\/td>\n90<\/span><\/td>\n200<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,1-0,01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u0259dv\u0259l 2<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

AVS il\u0259 s\u0259naye b\u00f6lm\u0259sind\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r metal ionlar\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259r\u0259rsizl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n<\/b> n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0130lkin metal konsentrasiyas\u0131,<\/b>
\n<\/b>mq\/dm<\/b>3<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

prosesin pH<\/b><\/td>\nCa(OH) istehlak\u0131<\/b>2<\/b>, stoxiometrik m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fin %<\/b><\/td>\nFerromaqnit elementl\u0259rin \u00e7\u0259kisi, g<\/b><\/td>\n\n

Qal\u0131q metal t\u0259rkibi,<\/b>
\n<\/b>mq\/dm<\/b>3<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Fe<\/span>2+; 3+<\/span>= 130,0<\/span><\/td>\n7,5<\/span><\/td>\n90,0<\/span><\/td>\n200<\/span><\/td>\nFe<\/span>2+; 3+<\/span> \u2013 0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cu2+<\/span>= 50,0<\/span><\/td>\nCu<\/span>2+<\/span> \u2013 0,12<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zn<\/span>2+<\/span>= 45,0<\/span><\/td>\nZn<\/span>2+<\/span> \u2013 0,063<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CD<\/span>2+<\/span>= 10,0<\/span><\/td>\nCD<\/span>2+<\/span> \u2013 0,07<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cr<\/span>3+<\/span>= 120,0<\/span><\/td>\nCr<\/span>3+<\/span> \u2013 0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fe<\/span>2+; 3+<\/span>= 170,0<\/span><\/td>\n8,5<\/span><\/td>\n100,0<\/span><\/td>\n150<\/span><\/td>\nFe<\/span>2+; 3+<\/span> \u2013 0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cu2+<\/span>= 40,0<\/span><\/td>\nCu2+<\/span> \u2013 0,018<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zn<\/span>2+<\/span>= 28,0<\/span><\/td>\nZn<\/span>2+<\/span> \u2013 0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CD<\/span>2+<\/span>= 5,5<\/span><\/td>\nCD<\/span>2+<\/span> \u2013 0,011<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cr<\/span>3+<\/span>= 100,0<\/span><\/td>\nCr<\/span>3+<\/span> \u2013 0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fe<\/span>2+; 3+<\/span>= 250,0<\/span><\/td>\n8,7<\/span><\/td>\n100,0<\/span><\/td>\n200<\/span><\/td>\nFe<\/span>2+; 3+<\/span> \u2013 0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cu2+<\/span>= 65,0<\/span><\/td>\nCu2+<\/span> – iz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zn<\/span>2+<\/span>= 35,0<\/span><\/td>\nZn<\/span>2+<\/span> – iz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CD<\/span>2+<\/span>= 2505<\/span><\/td>\nCD<\/span>2+<\/span> \u2013 0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cr<\/span>3+<\/span>= 350,0<\/span><\/td>\nCr<\/span>3+<\/span> \u2013 0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Eyni zamanda, mexaniki qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131rma v\u0259 qabarc\u0131q aerasiyas\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k s\u0259naye t\u0259mizliyi apar\u0131ld\u0131. Prosesd\u0259 \u0259h\u0259ng s\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn istehlak\u0131 stoxiometrik miqdar\u0131n 115-120%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015fdir. Tullant\u0131 suyunun reagentl\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lma m\u00fcdd\u0259ti 15-20 d\u0259qiq\u0259 olmu\u015fdur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259kil 1-3-d\u0259 AVS v\u0259 mexaniki qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcrm\u0259 \u00e7\u0259nl\u0259rind\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r metallar\u0131n effektiv \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 tullant\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcqayis\u0259li as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"alt\u0131valentli<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259kil 1. Tullant\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r metallar\u0131n t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259sinin effektivliyi: 1 \u2013 mexaniki qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 reaktor (Ca(OH)2 s\u0259rfi \u2013 stexiometrik miqdar\u0131n 115-120%-i); 2 \u2013 AVS (Stokiometrik miqdar\u0131n Ca(OH)2-92%-i istehlak\u0131)<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\"alt\u0131valentli<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259kil 2. Metal hidroksid \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259n sonra \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcrm\u0259 \u00e7\u0259nl\u0259rind\u0259 tullant\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131q: 1 \u2013 mexaniki qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 reaktor; 2 \u2013 AVS<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\"alt\u0131valentli<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259kil 3 Alt\u0131valentli xrom reduksiyas\u0131n\u0131n effektivliyi: 1,2 \u2013 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq xrom konsentrasiyas\u0131 50 v\u0259 100 mq\/dm3 olan reaktorda (qabarc\u0131kl\u0131 aerasiya); 3,4 \u2013 AVS-d\u0259 eynidir<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

S\u0259naye \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 tullant\u0131 sular\u0131ndan xromun \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyini m\u00fcqayis\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xrom hava qabarc\u0131ql\u0131 reaktorda m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m reagent prosesind\u0259 azald\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fcalic\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259ti 15-25 d\u0259qiq\u0259 olmu\u015fdur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259kil 3 bu testin m\u00fcqayis\u0259li m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u0259m tur\u015fu, h\u0259m d\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259vi m\u00fchitd\u0259 xrom t\u0259rkibli \u00e7irkab sular\u0131 t\u0259mizl\u0259y\u0259n qur\u011fularda AVS-nin s\u0259naye istifad\u0259sinin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, AVS \u0259sasl\u0131 proses xrom v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r metallar\u0131 (Fe, Ni , Zn, Cu, Cd), 90-100% stexiometrik miqdarda reagentl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n v\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259yici qur\u011fular\u0131n v\u0259 onlar\u0131n istismar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 sad\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, eksperimental t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 AVS-d\u0259 ferromaqnit element burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sinin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyi il\u0259 t\u0259sdiql\u0259nir. Adi reagent prosesind\u0259 reagentl\u0259rin s\u0259rfi: 115-120% \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcrm\u0259 agenti (Ca(OH))<\/span>2<\/span>, art\u0131q<\/span>2<\/span>CO<\/span>3<\/span>) v\u0259 150-175% reduksiya agenti (FeSO<\/span>4<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 tullant\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si prosesind\u0259 AVS-nin s\u0259naye s\u0131naqlar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259mizl\u0259yici qur\u011fular\u0131nda yeni prosesl\u0259r t\u0259klif edilmi\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edilmi\u015fdir (\u015f\u0259k. 4, 5).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259kil 4-d\u0259 xrom t\u0259rkibli v\u0259 tur\u015fu\/q\u0259l\u0259vi tullant\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n eyni vaxtda t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259sinin proses diaqram\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir, mahiyy\u0259t ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, qur\u011funun iki hiss\u0259sind\u0259n tullant\u0131 sular\u0131 n\u00f6vb\u0259 il\u0259 iki qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 qaba ax\u0131r. \u00c7\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n biri dolduqda v\u0259 su orta hesabla al\u0131nd\u0131qda, reduksiya agenti (natrium bisulfat) il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 pH-\u0131 2-3-\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tur\u015fu \u0259lav\u0259 edilir. 5-10 d\u0259qiq\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra su AVS-\u0259 ax\u0131r. Q\u0259l\u0259vi (Na<\/span>2<\/span>CO<\/span>3<\/span>) rN-ni 7,5-9-a \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ax\u0131na \u0259lav\u0259 edilir. AVS-d\u0259 tullant\u0131 sular\u0131 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 saniy\u0259 \u0259rzind\u0259 reagentl\u0259rl\u0259 emal edilir v\u0259 Cr-nin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 tamamlan\u0131r.<\/span>6+<\/span> Cr<\/span>3+<\/span> v\u0259 Cr formala\u015fmas\u0131<\/span>3+<\/span> v\u0259 dig\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r metal hidroksidl\u0259ri. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn reduksiya agenti d\u0259mir sulfatd\u0131r (FeSO<\/span>4<\/span>).\"alt\u0131valentli<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259kil. 4 Xrom v\u0259 t\u0259rkibind\u0259 tur\u015fu\/q\u0259l\u0259vi olan tullant\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n eyni vaxtda t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn proses diaqram\u0131:<\/b> 1- qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131rma \u00e7\u0259ni; 2 \u2014 reduksiya agenti \u00e7\u0259ni (FeSO4 m\u0259hlulu); 3 \u2014Na2CO3 m\u0259hlulunun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259n; 4,7,11 \u2014 nasoslar; 5 \u2014 reduksiya agenti \u00e7\u0259ni; 6 \u2014 sulfat tur\u015fusu \u00e7\u0259ni; 8 \u2014 AVS; 9, 10 – \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcrm\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ni; 12 – vakuum filtri; 13 – hiss\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ay\u0131rma; 14 – ax\u0131n say\u011fac\u0131; 15 \u2014 reagent s\u0259rfiyyat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n klapan; 16 \u2014 n\u00fcmun\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259; 17 – pH-metr<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu prosesd\u0259 burul\u011fan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si cihazlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259nin icaz\u0259 veril\u0259n maksimum h\u0259dd\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu n\u00f6qt\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259ni yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, reagenti 1,5-2 d\u0259f\u0259, enerji x\u0259rcl\u0259rini yar\u0131ya endirir v\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259yici qur\u011funun izl\u0259rini 10-15% azald\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proses diaqram\u0131nda (\u015e\u0259kil 5) AVS-d\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 ax\u0131nla ba\u015f verir:<\/b><\/p>\n